Xtrabackup备份工具使用

Xtrabackup是由percona提供的mysql数据库备份工具,支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写).
Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具:xtrabackup、innobackupex
1、xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表,而不能备份MyISAM数据表
2、innobackupex是参考了InnoDB Hotbackup的innoback脚本修改而来的.innobackupex是一个perl脚本封装,封装了xtrabackup。主要是为了方便的 同时备份InnoDB和MyISAM引擎的表,但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁。并且加入了一些使用的选项。如slave-info可以记录备份恢 复后,作为slave需要的一些信息,根据这些信息,可以很方便的利用备份来重做slave。

安装:

yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm
yum install percona-xtrabackup-24

# 可使用innobackupex -verion检查版本 若出现版本号则安装成功
# innobackupex --help 可查看参数帮助

备份前准备:
修改InnoDB为独立表空间模式,即在my.cnf中[mysqld]下设置innodb_file_per_table=1
建议创建一个单独的备份目录 例:/xbackup
全备:

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=root --password='yourpassword'  /xbackup
# 出现completed OK!则代表备份成功,文件会保存至一个以时间戳命名的目录内。

恢复:
若全部恢复,则需要先停止mysql服务,还需确保mysqldata目录下无文件

service mysqld stop
innobackupex  --apply-log  /xbackup/2017-09-07_09-50-11/
# apply-log称作准备阶段,是为了保持数据一致性,回滚备份过程中未提交的事务,提交已提交的事务
innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --copy-back /xbackup/2017-09-07_09-50-11/
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata
service mysqld start

单表恢复

innobackupex  --apply-log --export /xbackup/2017-09-07_15-53-53/
# 若t1表数据误删 确保表结构存在
ALTER TABLE t1 DISCARD TABLESPACE;
cp /xbackup/2017-09-07_15-53-53/test/t1.{ibd,exp,cfg}  /mysqldata/test/
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata
ALTER TABLE t1 IMPORT TABLESPACE;

增量备份与恢复:

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=root --password='xxxxxx'  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /xbackup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/xbackup/2017-09-07_09-50-11
# 恢复
service mysqld stop
innobackupex --apply-log /xbackup/2017-09-07_09-50-11/  --incremental-dir=/xbackup/inc1/
innobackupex  --copy-back /xbackup/2017-09-07_09-50-11/
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata
service mysqld start

Xtrabackup备份及恢复脚本

此备份脚本的策略是每周日和周三进去全备 其余每天增量备份。
# 备份脚本XtraBackup.sh:

#!/bin/bash
# filename      : XtraBackup.sh
# Author        : wang
day=`date +%w`
dt=`date +%Y%m%d`
lastday=`date -d '1 days ago' +%Y%m%d`
user=root
pwd='xxxxx'
log=backuplog.`date +%Y%m%d`

case $day in  
    0)  
        # Sunday Full backup
        find /backup/ -name "xtra_*" -mtime +6 -exec rm -rf {} \;
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd --no-timestamp /backup/xtra_base_$dt > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        ;;  
    1)  
        # Monday Relatively Sunday's incremental backup  
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /backup/xtra_inc_$dt --incremental-basedir=/backup/xtra_base_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1  
        ;;  
    2)  
        # Tuesday Compared with Monday's incremental backup  
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /backup/xtra_inc_$dt --incremental-basedir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1     
        ;;  
    3)  
        # Wednesday Full backup
        find /backup/ -name "xtra_*" -mtime +6 -exec rm -rf {} \;
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd --no-timestamp /backup/xtra_base_$dt > /tmp/$log 2>&1   
        ;;  
    4)  
        # Thursday  Relatively Wednesday's incremental backup  
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /backup/xtra_inc_$dt --incremental-basedir=/backup/xtra_base_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1    
        ;;  
    5)  
        # Friday Compared with Thursday's incremental backup  
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /backup/xtra_inc_$dt --incremental-basedir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1    
        ;;  
    6)  
        # Saturday Compared with Friday's incremental backup  
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=$user --password=$pwd  --no-timestamp  --incremental  /backup/xtra_inc_$dt --incremental-basedir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1   
        ;;  
esac 
find /tmp -mtime +6 -type f -name 'backuplog.*' -exec rm -rf {} \;
# 全库恢复脚本 xtrabackup_recover.sh:

#!/bin/bash
# filename      : xtrabackup_recover.sh
# Author        : wang
day=`date +%w`
dt=`date +%Y%m%d`
lastday=`date -d '1 days ago' +%Y%m%d`
lasttwoday=`date -d '2 days ago' +%Y%m%d`
lastthreeday=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y%m%d`
user=root
pwd='xxxxxxx'
log=recoverlog.`date +%Y%m%d`
datefile=/mysqldata

case $day in  
    0)  
        # Sunday Recover Database 
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$dt > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$dt >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$dt/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$dt/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    1)  
        # Monday Recover Database 
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$dt/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$lastday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    2)  
        # Tuesday Recover Database
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$dt/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    3)  
        # Wednesday Recover Database 
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$dt > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$dt >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start 
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$dt/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$dt/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    4)  
        # Thursday  Recover Database 
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lastday > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$dt/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$lastday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start 
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    5)  
        # Friday Recover Database  
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$dt/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lasttwoday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
    6)  
        # Saturday Recover Database  
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday > /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lasttwoday/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$lastday/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday/ --incremental-dir=/backup/xtra_inc_$dt/ >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        innobackupex --apply-log  /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        service mysqld stop
        rm -rf $datefile/*
        innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday >> /tmp/$log 2>&1
        chown -R mysql:mysql $datefile
        service mysqld start
        binlog=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $1}'`
        pos=`cat /backup/xtra_base_$lastthreeday/xtrabackup_binlog_info|awk '{print $2}'`
        mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=$pos /mysqllog/$binlog | mysql -u$user -p$pwd
        ;;  
esac 
find /tmp -mtime +6 -type f -name 'recoverlog.*' -exec rm -rf {} \;

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